See cawl on Wiktionary
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},
{
"form": "cōuel",
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{
"english": "and then they took up twelve baskets full of the remains of the bread and the fish.",
"ref": "Lindisfarne Gospels, gloss on Mark 6: 43",
"text": "et sustulērunt reliquiās fragmentōrum duodecim cophinōs plēnōs et dē piscibus / & ġenōmon ðā hlāfo ðāra sċrēadunga tuœ̄lf ċēaulas fulle & of fiscum",
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{
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"(figuratively) mixture, hodgepodge, mess"
],
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{
"tags": [
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"_dis": "16 16 68",
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],
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],
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[
"colewort",
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[
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],
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{
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{
"word": "cabaets"
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],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kau̯l/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-au̯l"
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "cawl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "caule"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"english": "Upon the horse.",
"ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:",
"text": "Pa cawl.",
"translation": "Upon the horse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of caule"
],
"id": "en-cawl-yol-noun-oKXyNsWI",
"links": [
[
"caule",
"caule#Yola"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Welsh",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl",
"Rhymes:English/aʊl/1 syllable",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cawl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cawl",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis",
"t": "stalk or stem of a plant, particularly a cabbage"
},
"expansion": "Latin caulis (“stalk or stem of a plant, particularly a cabbage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kéh₂wl̥",
"4": "*kaw(ǝ)l"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kaw(ǝ)l",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caulis",
"3": "cole",
"4": "kale",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of caulis, cole, and kale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Welsh cawl, itself borrowed from Latin caulis (“stalk or stem of a plant, particularly a cabbage”), from Proto-Indo-European *kaw(ǝ)l, *kh₂ulós, or *kowos (“tubular bone; pipe”). The English word is a doublet of caulis, cole, and kale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "cawl (countable and uncountable, plural cawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A traditional Welsh soup, typically made with beef, lamb, or salted bacon with carrot, leeks, potatoes, swedes, and other seasonal vegetables."
],
"links": [
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Welsh",
"Welsh"
],
[
"soup",
"soup"
],
[
"beef",
"beef"
],
[
"lamb",
"lamb"
],
[
"salted",
"salted"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"carrot",
"carrot"
],
[
"leek",
"leek"
],
[
"potato",
"potato"
],
[
"swede",
"swede"
],
[
"seasonal",
"seasonal"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaʊl/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cawl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cawl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cawl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b2/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cawl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cawl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kəʉl/",
"note": "Mid-Ulster"
},
{
"homophone": "cowl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊl"
}
],
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{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "traditional Welsh soup",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cawl Cymreig"
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "A variant of caul.",
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{
"form": "cawls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cawl (plural cawls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a membrane or veil, especially over a baby's head",
"word": "caul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of caul (“a membrane or veil, especially over a baby's head”)."
],
"links": [
[
"caul",
"caul#English"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"veil",
"veil#Noun"
],
[
"baby",
"baby#Noun"
],
[
"head",
"head#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"homophone": "call"
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kelle"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kelle"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "cale"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kelle"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "calle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caul"
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kalle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caul"
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{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kelle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "caul"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kelle"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "kell"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "kolle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "la",
"3": "",
"4": "*cavallum"
},
"expansion": "Latin *cavallum",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin *cavallum, from cavea (“hollow, cavity; cage, enclosure”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cāwl",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwl",
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[
"cāwl",
"cawl#Old_English"
]
],
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwlas",
"links": [
[
"cāwlas",
"cawlas#Old_English"
]
],
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwl",
"links": [
[
"cāwl",
"cawl#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwlas",
"links": [
[
"cāwlas",
"cawlas#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwles",
"links": [
[
"cāwles",
"cawles#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwla",
"links": [
[
"cāwla",
"cawla#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwle",
"links": [
[
"cāwle",
"cawle#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwlum",
"links": [
[
"cāwlum",
"cawlum#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cāwel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cāuuel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cāul",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ċēawl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ċēaul",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cōuel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ċēaol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "cāwl"
},
"expansion": "cāwl m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cāwl"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cāwl",
"2": "cāwlas",
"3": "cāwl",
"4": "cāwlas",
"5": "cāwles",
"6": "cāwla",
"7": "cāwle",
"8": "cāwlum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms borrowed from Latin",
"Old English terms derived from Latin",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewh₁-",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "and then they took up twelve baskets full of the remains of the bread and the fish.",
"ref": "Lindisfarne Gospels, gloss on Mark 6: 43",
"text": "et sustulērunt reliquiās fragmentōrum duodecim cophinōs plēnōs et dē piscibus / & ġenōmon ðā hlāfo ðāra sċrēadunga tuœ̄lf ċēaulas fulle & of fiscum",
"translation": "and then they took up twelve baskets full of the remains of the bread and the fish.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"basket"
],
"links": [
[
"basket",
"basket"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑːwl/"
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "om",
"2": "oola",
"t": "drought"
},
"expansion": "Oromo oola (“drought”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kxc",
"2": "awl",
"t": "brown"
},
"expansion": "Konso awl (“brown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ssy",
"2": "cowla",
"t": "dust storm"
},
"expansion": "Saho cowla (“dust storm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Oromo oola (“drought”), Konso awl (“brown”), Saho cowla (“dust storm”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "cawl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Somali",
"lang_code": "so",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Somali entries with incorrect language header",
"Somali lemmas",
"Somali masculine nouns",
"Somali nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"beige"
],
"links": [
[
"beige",
"beige"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:Welsh/au̯l",
"Rhymes:Welsh/au̯l/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with etymon",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh uncountable nouns",
"cy:Foods"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cawl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "wlm:cawl<ety:inh<cel-bry-pro:*kawl>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*keh₂ulis\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caulis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Brythonic\", \"term\" : \"*kawl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-bry-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Welsh\", \"term\" : \"cawl\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"wlm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Welsh\", \"term\" : \"cawl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cy\" }\" data-lang=\"cy\" data-title=\"cawl\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "cawl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh cawl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kawl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kawl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "caulis",
"4": "",
"5": "stick or stem of a plant, cabbage-stalk, cabbage"
},
"expansion": "Latin caulis (“stick or stem of a plant, cabbage-stalk, cabbage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "kowl"
},
"expansion": "Cornish kowl",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kaol"
},
"expansion": "Breton kaol",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh cawl, from Proto-Brythonic *kawl, from Latin caulis (“stick or stem of a plant, cabbage-stalk, cabbage”). Cognate with Cornish kowl, Breton kaol.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cawliau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cawlen",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cawl",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gawl",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghawl",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chawl",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-",
"dim": "cawlen",
"pl2": "cawliau"
},
"expansion": "cawl m (usually uncountable, plural cawliau, diminutive cawlen)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"soup, pottage, broth; gruel"
],
"links": [
[
"soup",
"soup"
],
[
"pottage",
"pottage"
],
[
"broth",
"broth"
],
[
"gruel",
"gruel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "potes"
},
{
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
],
"word": "sŵp"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"soup, pottage, broth; gruel",
"mixture, hodgepodge, mess"
],
"links": [
[
"soup",
"soup"
],
[
"pottage",
"pottage"
],
[
"broth",
"broth"
],
[
"gruel",
"gruel"
],
[
"mixture",
"mixture"
],
[
"hodgepodge",
"hodgepodge"
],
[
"mess",
"mess"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"soup, pottage, broth; gruel",
"(figuratively) mixture, hodgepodge, mess"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "potes"
},
{
"tags": [
"Anglicism"
],
"word": "sŵp"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cabbage, colewort, potherbs"
],
"links": [
[
"cabbage",
"cabbage"
],
[
"colewort",
"colewort"
],
[
"potherb",
"potherb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bresych"
},
{
"word": "cabaets"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kau̯l/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-au̯l"
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "cawl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "caule"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola nouns",
"Yola terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"english": "Upon the horse.",
"ref": "1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:",
"text": "Pa cawl.",
"translation": "Upon the horse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of caule"
],
"links": [
[
"caule",
"caule#Yola"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "cawl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cawl meaning in All languages combined (14.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cawl/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cawl"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cawl",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cawl/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"cawl"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cawl",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cawl/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"cawl"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cawl",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.